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The Partners for Advancing Health Equity (P4HE) Resource Library is a virtual portal containing action-oriented health equity research, practice, and policies. The library aims to increase equity in health by offering free access to field-tested, evidence-informed and evidence-based programs strategies and high-quality research.
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- There is striking racial disparity in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates in the United States. We hypothesize that the disparity is significantly smaller in areas with a higher ratio of green spaces. County level data on the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of black and white individuals in 135 of the most urbanized counties across the United States were…February 2021COVID-19/Coronavirus, Systemic Determinants
- The events of the past year raised our collective awareness of racial and ethnic health disparities, social inequities, and some of the systemic policies driving these inequities. In response to this awakening, numerous organizations issued statements condemning the injustices and committing to address inequities. In an effort to provide a more complete picture of how foundations have…February 2021Services & Programs, Systemic Determinants, Racism
- The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) serves a Veteran population that is diverse. Equitable access to high-quality care for all Veterans is a major tenet of the VA healthcare mission. The Office of Health Equity (OHE) champions the elimination of health disparities and achieving health equity for all Veterans. HEALTH DISPARITIES Smoking is a significant health problem for Veterans and remains…January 2021Environment/Context
- Climate change directly threatens human health, with substantial impacts on Indigenous peoples, who are uniquely vulnerable as climate-related events affect their practices, lifeways, self-determination, and physical and cultural health. At the same time, Indigenous communities are leading the way in innovative health-related climate change adaptation work, using traditional knowledges and novel…December 2020Community-rooted/Participatory Research, Interventions, Climate Change, Environmental Injustice
- In June 2020, The California Endowment (TCE) issued a Statement on Race and Racism and identified key action steps to advance racial justice in our role as an active partner and investor in Black communities and communities of color. This brief reports on our specific commitment to improved tracking, reporting, and transparency of TCE funding to BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color)-led…October 2020Physical Environment, Social Environment
- The relationship between housing and health is more than just the four walls that shelter an individual or family each night. More broadly, the link between health and housing is a result of influences from both the individual home unit and a variety of structural and societal factors within a neighborhood. These elements have the potential to provide safety, recreation, access to transportation…May 2020Housing Discrimination, Social/Structural Determinants, Environment/Context, Systemic Determinants, Healthy Housing, Racism
- Today’s public health challenges are complex, with many biological, environmental, and social contributors. One of the most intractable public health issues is the racial/ethnic disparity in health outcomes. To address racial/ethnic disparities in health outcomes, it is important to have a racially and ethnically diverse workforce that is capable of addressing such public health issues. Given its…November 2019Environment/Context
- Millions of people in the United States face health disparities related to social and economic factors, including race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and income. Understanding and addressing disparities is critical to improving health equity nationwide. See the subpage on disparities in maternal health to learn more about that particular aspect of health equity. (website abstract)November 2019Policy & Law, Systemic Determinants
- Transgender people experience intersecting forms of social marginalization and are disproportionately affected by health inequities. We elucidate a novel conceptual framework for transgender health research that theorizes the constructs and pathways through which social inequities produce health inequities for transgender populations. Drawing on theories of intersectionality and structural…October 2019Systemic Determinants, Transphobia
- Housing is a major pathway through which health disparities emerge and are sustained over time. However, no existing unified conceptual model has comprehensively elucidated the relationship between housing and health equity with attention to the full range of harmful exposures, their cumulative burden and their historical production. We synthesized literature from a diverse array of disciplines…September 2019Housing Discrimination, Social/Structural Determinants, Environment/Context, Healthy Housing, Racism
- Although the pace of gentrification has accelerated in cities across the US, little is known about the health consequences of growing up in gentrifying neighborhoods. We used New York State Medicaid claims data to track a cohort of low-income children born in the period 2006–08 for the nine years between January 2009 and December 2017. We compared the 2017 health outcomes of children who started…September 2019Asthma, Obesity, Anxiety, Depression, Physical Environment, Classism
- The determinants of health inequities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations include factors amenable to medical education’s influence—for example, the competence of the medical workforce to provide effective and equitable care to Indigenous populations. Medical education institutions have an important role to play in eliminating these inequities. However, there is evidence that…April 2019Interventions, Systemic Determinants
- According the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), food insecurity “is defined as a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food”.1 Recent data indicate that approximately 12.3% or 15.6 million households in the United States (U.S.) were food insecure at least some time during the last year.1 The adverse social, physical, and…April 2019Systemic Determinants, Racism
- The weathering hypothesis states that chronic exposure to social and economic disadvantage leads to accelerated decline in physical health outcomes and could partially explain racial disparities in a wide array of health conditions. This systematic review summarizes the literature empirically testing the weathering hypothesis and assesses the quality of the evidence regarding weathering as a…March 2019Social Environment
- Objectives: Although a range of factors shapes health and well-being, institutionalized racism (societal allocation of privilege based on race) plays an important role in generating inequities by race. The goal of this analysis was to review the contemporary peer-reviewed public health literature from 2002-2015 to determine whether the concept of institutionalized racism was named (ie, explicitly…April 2018Systemic Determinants, Racism
- When comparing suicide in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) population to that in the non-Indigenous populations of Australia, there are significant differences in the rates of suicide and the age groups at risk of suicide. The etiology of these differences includes a history of colonisation and its aftermath including a burden of intergenerational trauma in the Indigenous…September 2017Suicide, Social/Structural Determinants, Historical Trauma, Systemic Determinants
- Idealized versions of health care are common, and access to health care is often viewed as an unambiguous good. In the social determinants of health literature, for example, access to health care is treated as an intermediate determinant of health. This conceals a simplistic inference: the better your access to health care, the better your health. The reality is more complex: a modern industrial…January 2017Services & Programs, Social/Structural Determinants, Historical Trauma, Systemic Determinants
- From San Francisco, California to Flint, Michigan, the nation is facing an escalating housing crisis. Skyrocketing rents, inadequate infrastructure and stagnant wages are some of the barriers that are preventing millions of low-income Americans and communities of color from reaching their full potential. Healthy Communities of Opportunity: An Equity Blueprint to Address America’s Housing…January 2016Physical Environment, Healthy Housing
- A collection of analyses and research findings examining the link between immigration status, health care and health. (website abstract)November 2015Systemic Determinants, Racism
- This article draws upon a major social science theoretical approach–systemic racism theory–to assess decades of empirical research on racial dimensions of U.S. health care and public health institutions. From the 1600s, the oppression of Americans of color has been systemic and rationalized using a white racial framing–with its constituent racist stereotypes, ideologies, images, narratives, and…February 2014Systemic Determinants, Racism
- Increasing workforce diversity is a critical step in achieving health equity. People of color make up more than 30 percent of Coloradans and 35 percent of the U.S. population, but the health care workforce does not reflect these demographics. Given that communities of color experience a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality, increasing workforce diversity is vital to eliminating…October 2013Environment/Context
- News about health disparities often compares health risks faced by different demographic groups. Does this social comparison produce a contrast effect? It was hypothesized that when two racial groups are compared, people would perceive the relatively more at-risk group to be more, and the less at-risk group to be less, at-risk than if the same risk information was presented without the…July 2013Social Environment
- Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that posits that multiple social categories (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status) intersect at the micro level of individual experience to reflect multiple interlocking systems of privilege and oppression at the macro, social-structural level (e.g., racism, sexism, heterosexism). Public health’s commitment to social…June 2012Social Environment, Sexism
- Racial scholars argue that racism produces rates of morbidity, mortality, and overall well-being that vary depending on socially assigned race. Eliminating racism is therefore central to achieving health equity, but this requires new paradigms that are responsive to structural racism's contemporary influence on health, health inequities, and research. Critical Race Theory is an emerging…April 2010Systemic Determinants, Racism
- When I was invited to submit a paper for this issue of Phylon, I immediately knew that my topic would be “Confronting Institutionalized Racism.” That is because I have become convinced that it is only by naming racism, asking the question “How is racism operating here?” and then mobilizing with others to actually confront the system and dismantle it that we can have any significant or lasting…December 2003Systemic Determinants, Racism
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