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The Partners for Advancing Health Equity (P4HE) Resource Library is a virtual portal containing action-oriented health equity research, practice, and policies. The library aims to increase equity in health by offering free access to field-tested, evidence-informed and evidence-based programs strategies and high-quality research.


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  • Black Maternal Health Week is recognized each year from April 11-17 to bring attention and action in improving Black maternal health. Everyone can play a role in working to prevent pregnancy-related deaths and improving maternal health outcomes. (author introduction) #P4HEwebinarMay2022
    April 2023
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • Importance:  The number of people living in unaffordable housing (relative to income) is projected to continue increasing as housing cost inflation outpaces incomes in the US. Although reproductive-aged women have disproportionately high housing costs, particularly around the time of childbirth, data on associations between housing costs and maternal health and the role of publicly supported…
    November 2022
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Healthy Housing
  • This Webinar included a discussion of pregnancy-related mortality through the lens of abortion access and other policy decisions like Medicaid expansion. This included discussions of community- and culturally- centered birthing work and the need for cross-sector collaboration in this space.#P4HEwebinarMay2022 
    May 2022
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Policy and Practice
  • This infographic portrays how pregnancy-related mortality ratios compare based on race/ethnicity, as well as how age and education level affect health inequities. #P4HEwebinarMay2022
    April 2022
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • In this research note, I estimate one component of the mortality impact of denying all wanted induced abortions in the United States. This estimate quantifies the magnitude of an increase in pregnancy-related deaths that would occur solely because of the greater mortality risk of continuing a pregnancy rather than having a legal induced abortion. Using published statistics on pregnancy-related…
    December 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Abortion Access
  • The United States has the worst maternal health outcomes among high-income nations – despite spending $111 billion yearly on maternal and infant care. People of color, particularly Black and Indigenous birthing people† and parents, bear the brunt of this fundamental failing. Today, there is more recognition than ever of the influence of structural forces on maternal and infant health and a…
    December 2021
    COVID-19/Coronavirus, Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Advocacy
  • Importance  Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is a major risk factor for maternal mortality, yet little is known about geographic variation in SMM or factors associated with geographical variation at the local level. Municipal governments incur substantial expenditures providing services that are an essential part of residents’ lives, but associations between municipal expenditures and…
    November 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • Maternal safety refers to the safety of a person during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. Transitions through pregnancy and birth can pose complex safety challenges, and normal physiologic changes can result in signs and symptoms that make it difficult to recognize and diagnose serious illness. Additionally, patients may not receive timely or adequate information about their health…
    October 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • The problem: untreated maternal mental health means worse health outcomes for moms and babies. The mental health of mothers in the United States is in crisis. This harms not only their own health, but also that of their infants. Maternal mental health (MMH) conditions are relatively common, affecting one in five women.1 When left undiagnosed and untreated, MMH conditions can lead to long-term…
    June 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • The reproductive justice framework holds much promise for guiding research that can contribute to social change. Its limited integration and use in social psychology therefore represents a missed opportunity for justice-oriented social researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the reproductive justice framework and demonstrate its value for social psychologists…
    May 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Abortion Access
  • Objective: To synthesize the literature on associations between social determinants of health and pregnancy-related mortality and morbidity in the US and to highlight opportunities for intervention and future research.Data Sources: We performed a systematic search using Medline Ovid, CINAHL, Popline, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov (1990–2018) using MeSH terms related to maternal…
    April 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Social/Structural Determinants
  • In the United States, despite significant investment and the efforts of multiple maternal health stakeholders, maternal mortality (MM) has reemerged since 1987 and MM disparity has persisted since 1935. This article provides a review of the U.S. MM trajectory throughout its history up to its current state. From this longitudinal perspective, MM trends and themes are evaluated within a global…
    February 2021
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • In partnership with the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, the National Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP) recently held a virtual roundtable discussion of state officials to discuss maternal health initiatives in Illinois and Georgia and explore strategies to improve maternal health outcomes for Medicaid enrollees. Despite spending more than other developed nations on hospital-provided…
    November 2020
    Adverse Birth Outcomes, Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study published in September found that pregnant women, especially Black and Latinx, are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant individuals. They are more likely to be admitted to intensive care units (ICU), receive invasive ventilation, and are at increased risk of death.In response to COVID-19, several states…
    November 2020
    COVID-19/Coronavirus, Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • The inequities laid bare by COVID-19 underscore the importance of states’ efforts to develop policies and interventions to address all health disparities. Systemic racism, a driver of these inequities, also fuels disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality – Black women are four-times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than White women. States are on the frontlines, working…
    October 2020
    Adverse Birth Outcomes, Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • Maternal morbidity and mortality (MMM) is a significant problem in the USA, with about 700 maternal deaths every year and an estimated 50,000 "near misses." Disparities in MMM by race are marked; black women are disproportionately affected. We use Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory to examine the root causes of racial disparities in MMM at the individual (microsystem), interpersonal…
    July 2020
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality, Medicaid, Racism
  • Pregnancy-related deaths among American women have risen markedly over the past 30 years, despite an overall downward trend worldwide. Many of these deaths are preventable, and the risk remains three to four times higher for black women than white women at all levels of income or education. Maternal mortality—a key measure of health care quality—is typically defined as the death of a woman…
    January 2020
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • The rising trend in pregnancy-related deaths during the past 2 decades in the United States stands out among other high-income countries where pregnancy-related deaths are declining. Cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular conditions, hemorrhage, and other chronic medical conditions are all important causes of death. Unintentional death from violence, overdose, and self-harm are emerging causes…
    October 2019
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
  • Every year, worldwide, about 42 million women with unintended pregnancies choose abortion, and nearly half of these procedures, 20 million, are unsafe. Some 68,000 women die of unsafe abortion annually, making it one of the leading causes of maternal mortality (13%). Of the women who survive unsafe abortion, 5 million will suffer long-term health complications. Unsafe abortion is thus a pressing…
    January 2009
    Maternal Morbidity and Mortality

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