Racial discrimination occurs on many levels, in a variety of contexts, intertwined with income, education level, and other sociodemographic factors. It can be subtle or disturbingly overt. During the eight focus groups, participants were asked to talk about their own personal experiences with racism in health care. When asked whether discrimination exists in receiving quality health care, one African American participant summed up the collective response in this way: “The medical world just reflects the real world.” Throughout the following section, participants' stories and opinions are presented in their own words, providing evidence of health care inequity that participants attributed directly or indirectly to racial or ethnic discrimination, their lack of English-language proficiency, or both. (author introduction)
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